1 00:00:05,829 --> 00:00:02,389 a large mirror that can collect a lot of 2 00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:05,839 light to get very precise data so we can 3 00:00:10,870 --> 00:00:08,320 again look to recover the same signal 4 00:00:13,350 --> 00:00:10,880 and you know help verify this 5 00:00:16,470 --> 00:00:13,360 this exomoon candidate that has been 6 00:00:19,269 --> 00:00:16,480 identified and in addition 7 00:00:19,990 --> 00:00:19,279 beyond just looking at the same system 8 00:00:22,630 --> 00:00:20,000 the 9 00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:22,640 tess mission just started collecting 10 00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:25,920 data recently and it launched in april 11 00:00:30,550 --> 00:00:28,160 of this year and tess is the transiting 12 00:00:31,669 --> 00:00:30,560 exoplanet survey satellite 13 00:00:34,310 --> 00:00:31,679 and 14 00:00:37,670 --> 00:00:34,320 since july actually it started science 15 00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:37,680 it is basically doing a nearly all sky 16 00:00:42,310 --> 00:00:40,160 survey compared to kepler mission which 17 00:00:44,950 --> 00:00:42,320 observed just one part of the sky 18 00:00:47,270 --> 00:00:44,960 tess is looking at almost the entire sky 19 00:00:49,510 --> 00:00:47,280 for exoplanets doing the same exact 20 00:00:51,830 --> 00:00:49,520 thing looking for dips in the light 21 00:00:53,910 --> 00:00:51,840 and in this case 22 00:00:56,470 --> 00:00:53,920 tess is looking at a lot of bright stars 23 00:00:58,150 --> 00:00:56,480 a lot of nearby stars so it's looking at 24 00:00:59,750 --> 00:00:58,160 a very different sample of stars and 25 00:01:01,670 --> 00:00:59,760 kepler looked at but 26 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:01,680 there's still a possibility that we will 27 00:01:06,870 --> 00:01:03,840 find lots of planets and maybe some of 28 00:01:08,550 --> 00:01:06,880 those will have exo moons around them so 29 00:01:10,070 --> 00:01:08,560 i guess we'll all have to stay tuned and 30 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:10,080 speaking of stay tuned maybe you're just 31 00:01:12,630 --> 00:01:11,200 tuning in 32 00:01:14,230 --> 00:01:12,640 we're live at nasa's goddard space 33 00:01:17,270 --> 00:01:14,240 flight center we're talking about exo 34 00:01:19,429 --> 00:01:17,280 moons crazy um send your questions into 35 00:01:21,510 --> 00:01:19,439 hashtag ask nasa and we'll get to just 36 00:01:22,950 --> 00:01:21,520 as many as we can throughout the show 37 00:01:24,390 --> 00:01:22,960 one of the questions that i had seen 38 00:01:26,469 --> 00:01:24,400 from the press release when it came out 39 00:01:29,749 --> 00:01:26,479 on wednesday people were asking about 40 00:01:32,230 --> 00:01:29,759 how you know how far is this away from 41 00:01:35,830 --> 00:01:32,240 us oh good question so 42 00:01:38,390 --> 00:01:35,840 um we think this system is about 8 000 43 00:01:40,469 --> 00:01:38,400 light years away of course the light 44 00:01:42,310 --> 00:01:40,479 year is the distance that it takes for 45 00:01:44,630 --> 00:01:42,320 light to travel in a year 46 00:01:46,469 --> 00:01:44,640 and so it's not right around the corner 47 00:01:49,590 --> 00:01:46,479 from our solar system but it is in our 48 00:01:53,190 --> 00:01:49,600 galaxy and not too far away cosmically 49 00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:53,200 speaking so it's in the the 50 00:01:59,190 --> 00:01:56,240 constellation sagittarius or no what's 51 00:02:00,789 --> 00:01:59,200 the oh it's in cygnus cygnus sorry it's 52 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:00,799 in cygnus this is the region of the sky 53 00:02:04,389 --> 00:02:02,240 that kepler was 54 00:02:06,149 --> 00:02:04,399 observing and so that's why the system 55 00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:06,159 was found in the first place by kepler 56 00:02:09,749 --> 00:02:07,520 and so um 57 00:02:12,390 --> 00:02:09,759 it's not easy for us to see 58 00:02:14,309 --> 00:02:12,400 especially this candidate of an exo moon 59 00:02:16,390 --> 00:02:14,319 we have to have powerful telescopes but 60 00:02:19,830 --> 00:02:16,400 it's in our own galaxy so it's not 61 00:02:22,309 --> 00:02:19,840 terribly far away no astronomically 62 00:02:25,030 --> 00:02:22,319 so it's not so far away another question 63 00:02:27,510 --> 00:02:25,040 we were getting of course is um could 64 00:02:29,510 --> 00:02:27,520 there be life 65 00:02:31,589 --> 00:02:29,520 could there be yeah that's a question 66 00:02:34,309 --> 00:02:31,599 everybody always wants to know 67 00:02:37,110 --> 00:02:34,319 and um again this this system this 68 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:37,120 planet and this moon exo moon is 69 00:02:41,270 --> 00:02:39,840 orbiting at a distance from its star 70 00:02:43,509 --> 00:02:41,280 that means that 71 00:02:45,589 --> 00:02:43,519 at that region the temperature it has 72 00:02:47,750 --> 00:02:45,599 could be a temperature where liquid 73 00:02:49,990 --> 00:02:47,760 water exists or it is a temperature 74 00:02:52,869 --> 00:02:50,000 where liquid water exists but these two 75 00:02:56,229 --> 00:02:52,879 particular objects are so um large and 76 00:02:57,990 --> 00:02:56,239 massive that they're basically um like 77 00:02:59,910 --> 00:02:58,000 balls of gas you know they're not 78 00:03:00,630 --> 00:02:59,920 they're they're gas giants essentially 79 00:03:02,949 --> 00:03:00,640 or 80 00:03:04,229 --> 00:03:02,959 and they're nothing um like our own 81 00:03:06,070 --> 00:03:04,239 earth you know they don't have this 82 00:03:09,270 --> 00:03:06,080 rocky surface that you can really walk 83 00:03:13,350 --> 00:03:09,280 around on so the prospects of life on 84 00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:13,360 this planet and this moon itself um is 85 00:03:15,350 --> 00:03:14,480 very slim 86 00:03:17,350 --> 00:03:15,360 but 87 00:03:19,750 --> 00:03:17,360 where there's one planet often we find 88 00:03:21,190 --> 00:03:19,760 more so there might be more planets in 89 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:21,200 the system 90 00:03:23,990 --> 00:03:22,000 where 91 00:03:26,470 --> 00:03:24,000 you know could be that could be rocky we 92 00:03:29,030 --> 00:03:26,480 just haven't had the um 93 00:03:30,550 --> 00:03:29,040 the sensitivity to detect them yet so 94 00:03:33,110 --> 00:03:30,560 that's something that you know we'll see 95 00:03:34,149 --> 00:03:33,120 in the future if we're able to tell 96 00:03:36,630 --> 00:03:34,159 whether or not there's additional 97 00:03:38,869 --> 00:03:36,640 planets in the system that could have 98 00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:38,879 ingredients for life well i guess we'll 99 00:03:41,990 --> 00:03:40,720 have to stay tuned um and we're actually 100 00:03:43,270 --> 00:03:42,000 starting to take in some of your 101 00:03:45,589 --> 00:03:43,280 questions keep sending them and i've got 102 00:03:48,470 --> 00:03:45,599 some really good ones here um 103 00:03:50,710 --> 00:03:48,480 hashtag ass nasa of course um 104 00:03:53,190 --> 00:03:50,720 so jennifer you're just talking about 105 00:03:54,470 --> 00:03:53,200 the temperature of the moon what what is 106 00:03:56,070 --> 00:03:54,480 the temperature 107 00:03:57,990 --> 00:03:56,080 of the moon 108 00:04:01,350 --> 00:03:58,000 well again we don't know too much about 109 00:04:03,429 --> 00:04:01,360 this moon yet we know roughly its size 110 00:04:05,350 --> 00:04:03,439 it's mass it's huge 111 00:04:07,190 --> 00:04:05,360 but we don't really know all these 112 00:04:09,030 --> 00:04:07,200 details but we can kind of estimate the 113 00:04:11,509 --> 00:04:09,040 researchers who 114 00:04:13,110 --> 00:04:11,519 were detecting this object estimated his 115 00:04:14,470 --> 00:04:13,120 temperature based on his distance and 116 00:04:17,509 --> 00:04:14,480 likely composition 117 00:04:20,069 --> 00:04:17,519 so we think it's a balmy maybe 80 118 00:04:22,710 --> 00:04:20,079 degrees fahrenheit up to 170 degrees 119 00:04:25,110 --> 00:04:22,720 fahrenheit so you know warm but not 120 00:04:26,830 --> 00:04:25,120 boiling hot yes 121 00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:26,840 perfect for 122 00:04:31,590 --> 00:04:29,360 life um 123 00:04:34,150 --> 00:04:31,600 so nicole was this was this a surprise 124 00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:34,160 for scientists when we saw this thing 125 00:04:38,150 --> 00:04:35,840 was it was it shocking or were we 126 00:04:40,469 --> 00:04:38,160 looking for it what 127 00:04:43,270 --> 00:04:40,479 well you know thinking about our own 128 00:04:45,430 --> 00:04:43,280 solar system where we have a lot of 129 00:04:47,510 --> 00:04:45,440 planets and we have a lot of moons 130 00:04:50,070 --> 00:04:47,520 around those planets um jupiter and 131 00:04:52,310 --> 00:04:50,080 saturn both have many many planets or 132 00:04:53,590 --> 00:04:52,320 sorry many moons around them 133 00:04:55,430 --> 00:04:53,600 um 134 00:04:57,030 --> 00:04:55,440 you know there's so many moons in our 135 00:04:59,510 --> 00:04:57,040 own solar system essentially that 136 00:05:01,670 --> 00:04:59,520 finding even just one outside 137 00:05:03,430 --> 00:05:01,680 our solar system around another star 138 00:05:05,270 --> 00:05:03,440 around another planet is not that 139 00:05:07,350 --> 00:05:05,280 surprising um 140 00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:07,360 it's just it shows you though since 141 00:05:14,070 --> 00:05:10,400 we've only found one how difficult it is 142 00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:14,080 to find these small signals and so 143 00:05:17,909 --> 00:05:16,160 you know i'm sure over time we can buy 144 00:05:19,430 --> 00:05:17,919 more um but 145 00:05:22,310 --> 00:05:19,440 who knows if there'll be anything like 146 00:05:24,790 --> 00:05:22,320 our own moon earth system you never know 147 00:05:25,670 --> 00:05:24,800 all right so a few more questions coming 148 00:05:27,670 --> 00:05:25,680 in 149 00:05:30,070 --> 00:05:27,680 um 150 00:05:32,710 --> 00:05:30,080 jennifer is it possible to one day find 151 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:32,720 exoplanets that have binary orbits like 152 00:05:39,270 --> 00:05:36,560 pluto or and sharon in that system 153 00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:39,280 well um certainly it's possible i mean 154 00:05:43,350 --> 00:05:41,120 this is very interesting 155 00:05:45,430 --> 00:05:43,360 um if you have you know one body 156 00:05:47,350 --> 00:05:45,440 orbiting a star and then something 157 00:05:49,270 --> 00:05:47,360 perhaps orbiting that body as we do in a 158 00:05:52,950 --> 00:05:49,280 moon planet system but then there can 159 00:05:55,029 --> 00:05:52,960 also be sort of binary planet situations 160 00:05:57,590 --> 00:05:55,039 the definition of that is not always 161 00:05:59,270 --> 00:05:57,600 completely clear so it's certainly 162 00:06:02,070 --> 00:05:59,280 possible in the system that we might 163 00:06:04,390 --> 00:06:02,080 have a binary planetary system 164 00:06:07,430 --> 00:06:04,400 in this case though the candidate moon 165 00:06:08,909 --> 00:06:07,440 that we have is something like 166 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:08,919 you know 167 00:06:16,150 --> 00:06:12,160 1.5 percent the mass of its 168 00:06:18,629 --> 00:06:16,160 planet that's similar to the earth 169 00:06:21,430 --> 00:06:18,639 in our moon ratio of mass 170 00:06:24,390 --> 00:06:21,440 the size difference is pronounced 171 00:06:27,430 --> 00:06:24,400 between also between this moon and its 172 00:06:28,870 --> 00:06:27,440 planet and so it's more 173 00:06:31,909 --> 00:06:28,880 i think it would be more accurately 174 00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:31,919 described if this is confirmed as a moon 175 00:06:37,189 --> 00:06:34,400 planet system as opposed to a binary 176 00:06:40,150 --> 00:06:37,199 planet system simply because of that 177 00:06:42,390 --> 00:06:40,160 difference in size and mass ratio but we 178 00:06:44,150 --> 00:06:42,400 need a few more observations to to learn 179 00:06:45,189 --> 00:06:44,160 more details and it's interesting you 180 00:06:47,270 --> 00:06:45,199 should say that because the very next 181 00:06:48,870 --> 00:06:47,280 question that i got in was how big is 182 00:06:52,790 --> 00:06:48,880 the moon 183 00:06:54,950 --> 00:06:52,800 well it's it's large i mean we think um 184 00:06:58,070 --> 00:06:54,960 again we can compare it to something 185 00:06:59,589 --> 00:06:58,080 like neptune in our own solar system so 186 00:07:02,950 --> 00:06:59,599 uh you know we're not used to having 187 00:07:05,189 --> 00:07:02,960 moons that are bigger than planet that 188 00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:05,199 much bigger than planet earth in our own 189 00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:07,280 solar system so it's really hard to 190 00:07:11,909 --> 00:07:09,440 compare this is you know think about the 191 00:07:13,270 --> 00:07:11,919 earth moon system that we're accustomed 192 00:07:15,110 --> 00:07:13,280 to and then 193 00:07:17,990 --> 00:07:15,120 expand it 194 00:07:20,670 --> 00:07:18,000 and then you've got this a huge system a 195 00:07:23,510 --> 00:07:20,680 very large jupiter-like planet with a 196 00:07:24,950 --> 00:07:23,520 neptune-sized moon both gaseous type 197 00:07:27,909 --> 00:07:24,960 bodies 198 00:07:29,830 --> 00:07:27,919 as the system so it's much larger than 199 00:07:31,909 --> 00:07:29,840 what we're accustomed to to any type of 200 00:07:33,749 --> 00:07:31,919 system in our own solar system 201 00:07:35,909 --> 00:07:33,759 it's exciting you know it's nice to find 202 00:07:38,070 --> 00:07:35,919 new things um 203 00:07:41,029 --> 00:07:38,080 speaking of which we had a facebook 204 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:41,039 follower asking um if we plan to send a 205 00:07:44,790 --> 00:07:43,280 probe to this exo moon nicole what do 206 00:07:47,189 --> 00:07:44,800 you think about that oh gosh i mean that 207 00:07:49,029 --> 00:07:47,199 would be amazing if we could do that um 208 00:07:51,670 --> 00:07:49,039 but jennifer mentioned before how far 209 00:07:52,550 --> 00:07:51,680 away it is um it's 8 000 light years 210 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:52,560 away 211 00:07:57,510 --> 00:07:55,360 which means that even if we could travel 212 00:07:59,350 --> 00:07:57,520 at the speed of light it would take 8 213 00:08:00,150 --> 00:07:59,360 000 years to get there 214 00:08:02,390 --> 00:08:00,160 so 215 00:08:04,950 --> 00:08:02,400 you know it's it would be you know one 216 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:04,960 of these awesome nice to have things but 217 00:08:08,629 --> 00:08:06,720 i think it'll be a while before we have 218 00:08:10,390 --> 00:08:08,639 the technology to be able to send a 219 00:08:13,350 --> 00:08:10,400 probe there unfortunately we don't have 220 00:08:15,110 --> 00:08:13,360 warp drive yet yes we need warp drive 221 00:08:17,029 --> 00:08:15,120 i continue to send in your questions 222 00:08:20,390 --> 00:08:17,039 we're taking them live from social media 223 00:08:22,390 --> 00:08:20,400 using the hashtag asknasa 224 00:08:24,869 --> 00:08:22,400 so the next question that i got was from 225 00:08:26,869 --> 00:08:24,879 facebook and somebody asked why should 226 00:08:29,830 --> 00:08:26,879 we be limiting the search for life to 227 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:29,840 water slash carbon-based planets 228 00:08:32,149 --> 00:08:31,280 very good question 229 00:08:33,750 --> 00:08:32,159 so 230 00:08:36,230 --> 00:08:33,760 um you know 231 00:08:38,709 --> 00:08:36,240 we don't know what we don't know so so 232 00:08:40,709 --> 00:08:38,719 life forms could be very different from 233 00:08:42,469 --> 00:08:40,719 the type of life that we are accustomed 234 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:42,479 to on planet earth we've all seen a lot 235 00:08:46,389 --> 00:08:44,320 of science fiction 236 00:08:48,790 --> 00:08:46,399 but there are some good reasons to think 237 00:08:51,110 --> 00:08:48,800 that complex life would probably be 238 00:08:53,190 --> 00:08:51,120 carbon-based and probably need some 239 00:08:55,269 --> 00:08:53,200 connection to liquid water that's 240 00:08:57,829 --> 00:08:55,279 certainly what we found on planet earth 241 00:08:59,829 --> 00:08:57,839 and we also are able at least from our 242 00:09:02,870 --> 00:08:59,839 experience here to recognize what that 243 00:09:04,949 --> 00:09:02,880 type of life would do to its atmosphere 244 00:09:06,630 --> 00:09:04,959 such that we could detect it from a 245 00:09:08,470 --> 00:09:06,640 distance and look at the atmospheric 246 00:09:10,389 --> 00:09:08,480 characteristics and know that there must 247 00:09:12,389 --> 00:09:10,399 be some kind of biological activity 248 00:09:15,430 --> 00:09:12,399 going on so those are some of the 249 00:09:18,150 --> 00:09:15,440 reasons why it makes sense to look for 250 00:09:20,470 --> 00:09:18,160 life that has some similar basis to the 251 00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:20,480 life forms that we are familiar with on 252 00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:23,040 planet earth makes sense 253 00:09:26,870 --> 00:09:25,120 um a lot of questions for facebook good 254 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:26,880 ones um 255 00:09:32,790 --> 00:09:30,640 so how do we measure how do we go about 256 00:09:35,190 --> 00:09:32,800 measuring the size and distance to an 257 00:09:39,430 --> 00:09:35,200 exoplanet or an exo moon 258 00:09:41,269 --> 00:09:39,440 so the size is um a 259 00:09:43,110 --> 00:09:41,279 it's essentially we're using the same 260 00:09:44,230 --> 00:09:43,120 way we used to find it in the first 261 00:09:45,829 --> 00:09:44,240 place 262 00:09:48,150 --> 00:09:45,839 so it's something called the transit 263 00:09:50,630 --> 00:09:48,160 method where basically the 264 00:09:51,829 --> 00:09:50,640 planet blocks a fraction of the light of 265 00:09:54,470 --> 00:09:51,839 the star 266 00:09:57,670 --> 00:09:54,480 and based on how much it blocks it's 267 00:09:59,829 --> 00:09:57,680 kind of like a ratio of areas 268 00:10:01,910 --> 00:09:59,839 so you can say 269 00:10:05,350 --> 00:10:01,920 oh one percent of light is blocked which 270 00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:05,360 means some object of some specific size 271 00:10:08,870 --> 00:10:07,360 had to block that size 272 00:10:11,350 --> 00:10:08,880 that amount of light 273 00:10:14,230 --> 00:10:11,360 and so in that case in that way we're 274 00:10:16,630 --> 00:10:14,240 able to measure the radius of the planet 275 00:10:19,990 --> 00:10:16,640 that means we also need to know the size 276 00:10:23,269 --> 00:10:20,000 of the star in order to compare the two 277 00:10:25,350 --> 00:10:23,279 but we can know that from using 278 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:25,360 observations from even other telescopes 279 00:10:28,790 --> 00:10:27,120 as well so there's like this whole army 280 00:10:30,949 --> 00:10:28,800 of telescopes you need to be able to 281 00:10:33,430 --> 00:10:30,959 really find the planets and measure 282 00:10:34,230 --> 00:10:33,440 their properties and um 283 00:10:36,069 --> 00:10:34,240 and 284 00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:36,079 you know learn more about them 285 00:10:40,790 --> 00:10:38,000 and in terms of the distance right that 286 00:10:42,470 --> 00:10:40,800 was the other part of the question uh so 287 00:10:45,990 --> 00:10:42,480 how we measure the distance there was 288 00:10:49,190 --> 00:10:46,000 actually um an uh mission called gaia 289 00:10:51,829 --> 00:10:49,200 that is recently collecting data to 290 00:10:53,670 --> 00:10:51,839 measure positions of stars in the sky 291 00:10:56,550 --> 00:10:53,680 and based on measuring the positions of 292 00:10:59,110 --> 00:10:56,560 the stars we actually can measure kind 293 00:11:00,470 --> 00:10:59,120 of like this angle of how much they move 294 00:11:02,630 --> 00:11:00,480 and that 295 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:02,640 actually tells us the distance away from 296 00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:04,240 earth so 297 00:11:08,710 --> 00:11:06,640 it's it's really again an army of 298 00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:08,720 telescopes that operates you know in 299 00:11:14,069 --> 00:11:11,120 concert to provide all this information 300 00:11:15,590 --> 00:11:14,079 to get us the size even mass you know 301 00:11:17,829 --> 00:11:15,600 distance everything 302 00:11:19,509 --> 00:11:17,839 so it's a lot of work but it's it's 303 00:11:21,750 --> 00:11:19,519 definitely worth it so we're lucky we 304 00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:21,760 have a great team that's right 305 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:23,120 um 306 00:11:27,509 --> 00:11:25,680 so we've got another question from ask 307 00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:27,519 nasa um 308 00:11:33,590 --> 00:11:30,240 it is how much stronger is the gravity 309 00:11:36,069 --> 00:11:33,600 on this exo moon compared to than 310 00:11:40,310 --> 00:11:38,310 well that's a very good question i think 311 00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:40,320 i would have to sit and calculate that 312 00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:48,310 we know that it's mass 313 00:11:50,389 --> 00:11:49,200 uh 314 00:11:53,350 --> 00:11:50,399 they were they asked about the moon or 315 00:11:55,509 --> 00:11:53,360 the planet so it looks it looks like 316 00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:55,519 compared to earth how much stronger is 317 00:11:57,990 --> 00:11:57,120 the gravity on this x-moon compared to 318 00:11:59,350 --> 00:11:58,000 earth 319 00:12:01,590 --> 00:11:59,360 okay so this 320 00:12:03,430 --> 00:12:01,600 moon is 321 00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:03,440 basically larger than earth it's 322 00:12:07,110 --> 00:12:05,360 basically the size of neptune so it's 323 00:12:08,870 --> 00:12:07,120 going to have a stronger gravitational 324 00:12:10,310 --> 00:12:08,880 field based on the mass difference 325 00:12:11,990 --> 00:12:10,320 between the moon and the earth i can't 326 00:12:14,310 --> 00:12:12,000 actually tell you that because we don't 327 00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:14,320 know for sure the actual mass of this 328 00:12:17,910 --> 00:12:15,440 moon 329 00:12:20,550 --> 00:12:17,920 but it's going to be stronger and it's 330 00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:20,560 also going to be an odd thing to imagine 331 00:12:24,550 --> 00:12:22,720 because it doesn't have a solid surface 332 00:12:26,069 --> 00:12:24,560 so if you're thinking about you know 333 00:12:27,829 --> 00:12:26,079 jumping up and down on this moon like 334 00:12:29,590 --> 00:12:27,839 you might do on earth's moon if you were 335 00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:29,600 an astronaut you're not going to have 336 00:12:34,470 --> 00:12:32,720 the same experience so it's stronger and 337 00:12:36,150 --> 00:12:34,480 that may have actually interesting 338 00:12:37,350 --> 00:12:36,160 implications for the layers of 339 00:12:39,430 --> 00:12:37,360 atmosphere 340 00:12:41,590 --> 00:12:39,440 in this moon so if we have future 341 00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:41,600 telescopes where we can actually 342 00:12:45,430 --> 00:12:43,120 measure the composition of the 343 00:12:47,990 --> 00:12:45,440 atmosphere of this moon and compare it 344 00:12:49,910 --> 00:12:48,000 to let's say planets in our own gaseous 345 00:12:52,310 --> 00:12:49,920 planets in our own solar system we may 346 00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:52,320 be able to understand something about 347 00:12:56,710 --> 00:12:54,720 how that moon has been formed what its 348 00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:56,720 nature is and how that strong 349 00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:59,279 gravitational field is affecting how the 350 00:13:04,069 --> 00:13:00,399 layers of 351 00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:04,079 of gases are arranging themselves in 352 00:13:07,910 --> 00:13:06,079 this moon so i look forward to being 353 00:13:10,230 --> 00:13:07,920 able to understand the effects of the 354 00:13:12,470 --> 00:13:10,240 gravitational field and maybe even a 355 00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:12,480 magnetic field when we have future 356 00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:14,160 observations 357 00:13:18,710 --> 00:13:15,440 so we're just going to have to wait and 358 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:18,720 see for a lot of these questions um 359 00:13:21,910 --> 00:13:20,399 so this is actually a really interesting 360 00:13:25,110 --> 00:13:21,920 question um 361 00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:25,120 if our own earth was this far away would 362 00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:27,920 we be able to detect it 363 00:13:32,949 --> 00:13:30,240 so if our earth was like 8 000 light 364 00:13:35,990 --> 00:13:32,959 years away i guess at the same distance 365 00:13:37,990 --> 00:13:36,000 um that's a good question it 366 00:13:40,150 --> 00:13:38,000 so the initial 367 00:13:42,550 --> 00:13:40,160 planet that that this moon orbits around 368 00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:42,560 is a jupiter-sized planet which is 369 00:13:47,509 --> 00:13:45,040 something like 10 11 12 times the size 370 00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:47,519 of earth so it causes a pretty large dip 371 00:13:51,189 --> 00:13:49,040 in light 372 00:13:54,629 --> 00:13:51,199 so the earth being that much smaller 373 00:13:56,550 --> 00:13:54,639 would cause a much smaller dip um like a 374 00:13:59,910 --> 00:13:56,560 tenth of of what 375 00:14:02,230 --> 00:13:59,920 um that jupiter causes so 376 00:14:04,550 --> 00:14:02,240 we would basically need you know very 377 00:14:07,430 --> 00:14:04,560 very precise instruments and kepler did 378 00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:07,440 discover um several earth-sized 379 00:14:11,509 --> 00:14:08,959 exoplanets 380 00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:11,519 um but then to have you know an exomoon 381 00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:12,639 around it 382 00:14:14,870 --> 00:14:14,000 that's something we haven't discovered 383 00:14:16,629 --> 00:14:14,880 yet 384 00:14:18,870 --> 00:14:16,639 so you know there's 385 00:14:19,990 --> 00:14:18,880 it's tricky 386 00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:20,000 is the answer 387 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:23,120 um it depends on a lot of things um but 388 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:25,120 you know it's not um 389 00:14:28,629 --> 00:14:27,040 it's not impossible you just need to 390 00:14:31,509 --> 00:14:28,639 make sure you have the right you know 391 00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:31,519 telescope basically 392 00:14:39,350 --> 00:14:37,430 continue sending your questions into 393 00:14:41,269 --> 00:14:39,360 hashtag s nasa by the way we will get to 394 00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:41,279 as many as we can and we'll get to some 395 00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:44,560 after the show too i'm sure um so 396 00:14:49,189 --> 00:14:46,800 how does the gravity well if we discuss 397 00:14:51,030 --> 00:14:49,199 gravity how's the electromagnetic field 398 00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:51,040 of that exomoon compared to earth do we 399 00:14:53,750 --> 00:14:52,720 do we even have any information on that 400 00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:53,760 yet 401 00:14:57,990 --> 00:14:55,680 well that's a that's a great question 402 00:14:59,509 --> 00:14:58,000 because that would impact all kinds of 403 00:15:00,550 --> 00:14:59,519 things about the environment about that 404 00:15:01,509 --> 00:15:00,560 exome 405 00:15:03,350 --> 00:15:01,519 so 406 00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:03,360 we don't have a lot of information about 407 00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:05,600 this whole system but as as i mentioned 408 00:15:11,509 --> 00:15:08,240 earlier we think that the star that this 409 00:15:14,710 --> 00:15:11,519 planet and potential moon are orbiting 410 00:15:16,069 --> 00:15:14,720 um is not too different from our sun so 411 00:15:17,910 --> 00:15:16,079 it's going to have some of those same 412 00:15:20,150 --> 00:15:17,920 characteristics of the sun which would 413 00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:20,160 include magnetic field activity that 414 00:15:24,550 --> 00:15:22,320 might in fact interact 415 00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:24,560 occasionally the the stellar activity 416 00:15:29,430 --> 00:15:27,519 may interact with this planet and its 417 00:15:31,590 --> 00:15:29,440 moon its system just the same way as our 418 00:15:32,710 --> 00:15:31,600 sun has certain activity flares and so 419 00:15:34,389 --> 00:15:32,720 forth that 420 00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:34,399 interact with our 421 00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:36,160 earth moon system 422 00:15:41,829 --> 00:15:39,680 and then it's quite possible that this 423 00:15:43,990 --> 00:15:41,839 planet that this moon is associated with 424 00:15:46,389 --> 00:15:44,000 would have a magnetic field that 425 00:15:48,790 --> 00:15:46,399 magnetic field would impact 426 00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:48,800 its moon and it would affect the 427 00:15:54,069 --> 00:15:51,040 environment there that would infect how 428 00:15:55,990 --> 00:15:54,079 that system is interacting with flares 429 00:15:58,710 --> 00:15:56,000 and particles cosmic rays coming from 430 00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:58,720 its parent star so we don't know yet 431 00:16:02,550 --> 00:16:00,880 what the magnetic field might be around 432 00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:02,560 that system we know it's going to get 433 00:16:08,230 --> 00:16:05,360 the same you know ballpark radiation 434 00:16:09,110 --> 00:16:08,240 from its parent star as we get from the 435 00:16:11,590 --> 00:16:09,120 sun 436 00:16:13,910 --> 00:16:11,600 in our earth moon system 437 00:16:16,949 --> 00:16:13,920 and this will impact whether there is 438 00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:16,959 any sort of habitability in this region 439 00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:18,160 at the very least it will be very 440 00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:20,639 interesting to study so i'm just we keep 441 00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:22,800 talking about future telescopes but i'm 442 00:16:27,509 --> 00:16:25,440 i'm very keen about this direction of 443 00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:27,519 astronomy because we are using the 444 00:16:32,710 --> 00:16:30,320 telescopes we have like hubble um and 445 00:16:34,470 --> 00:16:32,720 soon tests to learn what we can but 446 00:16:37,590 --> 00:16:34,480 future telescopes like the james webb 447 00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:37,600 space telescope are going to be able to 448 00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:41,040 give us more details about the nature of 449 00:16:45,829 --> 00:16:44,160 this exoplanet system and others 450 00:16:47,990 --> 00:16:45,839 and the environments around them and 451 00:16:49,829 --> 00:16:48,000 what their moons might be like in terms 452 00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:49,839 of their interactions with magnetic 453 00:16:53,110 --> 00:16:51,600 fields with radiation 454 00:16:55,269 --> 00:16:53,120 temperatures 455 00:16:57,829 --> 00:16:55,279 all kinds of things so this is just the 456 00:17:00,230 --> 00:16:57,839 beginning of our investigation into this 457 00:17:02,710 --> 00:17:00,240 whole type of object 458 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:02,720 it's a new science 459 00:17:04,630 --> 00:17:03,680 so 460 00:17:09,189 --> 00:17:04,640 this is 461 00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:09,199 may be a little bit difficult uh is it 462 00:17:12,949 --> 00:17:11,760 possible that this moon could have its 463 00:17:15,189 --> 00:17:12,959 own moons 464 00:17:18,789 --> 00:17:15,199 oh that is a great question 465 00:17:20,549 --> 00:17:18,799 and a difficult one um well first it i 466 00:17:22,710 --> 00:17:20,559 mean i'll say anything's possible you 467 00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:22,720 know as we've been discovering all kinds 468 00:17:27,029 --> 00:17:25,120 of exoplanets first of all things that 469 00:17:29,590 --> 00:17:27,039 we didn't know could exist 470 00:17:31,190 --> 00:17:29,600 that orbit so close to their star that 471 00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:31,200 you know they orbit within one day 472 00:17:34,710 --> 00:17:33,360 compared to our one year orbit so things 473 00:17:37,029 --> 00:17:34,720 like this that we've never even dreamed 474 00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:37,039 of um so 475 00:17:42,310 --> 00:17:39,760 an exo moon having its own moons is 476 00:17:44,710 --> 00:17:42,320 possible especially when um 477 00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:44,720 this moon is so massive that maybe it 478 00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:46,640 could what we call you know use its 479 00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:48,960 gravity to capture other smaller bodies 480 00:17:53,990 --> 00:17:52,000 around it um like mars has two very tiny 481 00:17:55,029 --> 00:17:54,000 moons relatively speaking compared to 482 00:17:57,590 --> 00:17:55,039 our moon 483 00:17:59,590 --> 00:17:57,600 so maybe there's some very tiny moons 484 00:18:01,830 --> 00:17:59,600 that have been captured by this moon and 485 00:18:03,510 --> 00:18:01,840 are orbiting but we just don't have the 486 00:18:05,190 --> 00:18:03,520 right instruments to be able to detect 487 00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:05,200 them right now 488 00:18:10,630 --> 00:18:08,880 and yeah but it's definitely possible 489 00:18:11,430 --> 00:18:10,640 that could be cool 490 00:18:13,029 --> 00:18:11,440 so 491 00:18:14,230 --> 00:18:13,039 we've been talking about hubble and 492 00:18:17,190 --> 00:18:14,240 we've been talking about nasa's 493 00:18:18,870 --> 00:18:17,200 anniversary and um so nasa's been around 494 00:18:21,110 --> 00:18:18,880 for 60 years and hubble's been around 495 00:18:22,549 --> 00:18:21,120 for almost half that time how's our 496 00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:22,559 telescope doing 497 00:18:26,789 --> 00:18:24,799 well we're excited about hubble so as 498 00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:26,799 you say hubble's been around almost half 499 00:18:31,430 --> 00:18:28,559 the time that nasa's been around and we 500 00:18:32,789 --> 00:18:31,440 just celebrated hubble's 28th 501 00:18:34,390 --> 00:18:32,799 birthday 502 00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:34,400 earlier this year 503 00:18:38,470 --> 00:18:36,080 hubble's been working well because we 504 00:18:41,270 --> 00:18:38,480 have this terrific crew of people on the 505 00:18:43,029 --> 00:18:41,280 ground that are keeping it a strong 506 00:18:45,190 --> 00:18:43,039 scientifically working and we've had 507 00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:45,200 several crews of astronauts over the 508 00:18:48,470 --> 00:18:46,240 years 509 00:18:50,310 --> 00:18:48,480 coming back to 510 00:18:52,470 --> 00:18:50,320 upgrade the telescope and service it 511 00:18:54,870 --> 00:18:52,480 keeping it in tip-top shape so 512 00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:54,880 hubble is in great shape we're getting 513 00:18:59,590 --> 00:18:56,960 some of the best science out of it now 514 00:19:01,510 --> 00:18:59,600 than ever before in its history we're 515 00:19:03,430 --> 00:19:01,520 learning not only about the atmospheres 516 00:19:05,430 --> 00:19:03,440 of some exoplanets but we're also 517 00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:05,440 learning about star systems other 518 00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:07,120 galaxies even the whole universe the 519 00:19:10,310 --> 00:19:08,559 history of the universe 520 00:19:12,150 --> 00:19:10,320 and we anticipate getting good science 521 00:19:13,029 --> 00:19:12,160 from hubble for quite a few years to 522 00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:13,039 come 523 00:19:17,350 --> 00:19:15,520 in fact we are hoping that we overlap 524 00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:17,360 with the james webb space telescope 525 00:19:21,830 --> 00:19:19,919 which will launch in 2021 526 00:19:23,270 --> 00:19:21,840 and overlap with that telescope for 527 00:19:25,029 --> 00:19:23,280 several years because these 528 00:19:26,870 --> 00:19:25,039 complementary observatories are going to 529 00:19:30,150 --> 00:19:26,880 give us terrific science they're going 530 00:19:32,470 --> 00:19:30,160 to cover the wavelength range of light 531 00:19:34,549 --> 00:19:32,480 from mid infrared all the way through 532 00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:34,559 the visible colors that our eyes can see 533 00:19:38,870 --> 00:19:36,080 and on into the higher energy 534 00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,880 ultraviolet light this gives us a great 535 00:19:43,110 --> 00:19:40,720 deal of information about whatever we're 536 00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:43,120 studying whether it's exoplanets 537 00:19:46,549 --> 00:19:43,919 or 538 00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:46,559 planets planets in our own solar system 539 00:19:50,549 --> 00:19:48,160 and and of course other stars and 540 00:19:52,390 --> 00:19:50,559 galaxies and we complement other 541 00:19:54,549 --> 00:19:52,400 missions you know hubble is being used 542 00:19:56,950 --> 00:19:54,559 to complement the information that we're 543 00:19:58,789 --> 00:19:56,960 getting from probes that we're sending 544 00:20:01,029 --> 00:19:58,799 within our own solar system for example 545 00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:01,039 the juno probe studying 546 00:20:04,149 --> 00:20:02,640 jupiter in our own solar system is 547 00:20:05,830 --> 00:20:04,159 sending back information that we're 548 00:20:08,710 --> 00:20:05,840 correlating with observations from 549 00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:08,720 hubble we're using we've used it along 550 00:20:13,029 --> 00:20:11,039 with new horizons to study 551 00:20:15,110 --> 00:20:13,039 pluto we're using it with other missions 552 00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:15,120 to study things outside of our solar 553 00:20:20,149 --> 00:20:18,080 system and in in the deep universe 554 00:20:21,750 --> 00:20:20,159 so i think hubble's in great shape and 555 00:20:23,350 --> 00:20:21,760 will be for quite a few years to come 556 00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:23,360 and that makes me very happy that makes 557 00:20:28,230 --> 00:20:25,760 me very happy but unfortunately this is 558 00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:28,240 the end of the show um 559 00:20:32,310 --> 00:20:29,840 if you want to know more about hubble or 560 00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:32,320 about this exo moon you can go to our 561 00:20:35,909 --> 00:20:34,480 website nasa.gov hubble we got a bunch 562 00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:35,919 of great new products up there we've got 563 00:20:40,870 --> 00:20:38,799 an interactive timeline that you can see 564 00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,880 hubble milestones you can check out a 565 00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:42,960 360 tour of our space telescope 566 00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:44,640 operations control room you can see 567 00:20:48,789 --> 00:20:46,400 where all the action happens and we've 568 00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:48,799 uploaded hours of hubble historical 569 00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,039 video for you to check out so head to 570 00:20:55,350 --> 00:20:53,120 nasa.gov hubble or you can find us on 571 00:20:56,870 --> 00:20:55,360 social media at nasa hubble and